penalty

英['penəlti]美['penəlti]
  • n. 处罚；惩罚；不利；罚球

    • 记忆方法

    词根词缀法
    词根pen=penalty，表示”惩罚；痛苦”adj.penal刑事的pen惩罚；痛苦+al…的→adj.刑事的
      noun(名词)
      1. 刑罚，惩罚，处罚
      2. 罚金，罚款
      3. （体育运动中对犯规者的）判罚，处罚
      4. （某情况或行动带来的）不利，劣势

    双解例句

    noun(名词)
    1. 刑罚，惩罚，处罚

      The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.

      该法令允许判处长达3年的监禁。

      They asked for the maximum penalty for hoax calls to be increased to one year.

      他们要求把对恶作剧电话的最高惩罚增至一年监禁。

      The protesters were told to clear the area around the building, on penalty of arrest (= or be arrested) if they did not.

      抗议者被告知离开大楼周围的地区，否则将被捕。

    2. 罚金，罚款

      Currently, ticket holders pay a penalty equal to 25 percent of the ticket price when they change their flight plans.

      目前，持票人改变飞行计划时须支付相当于票价25%的罚金。

      There was a penalty clause which said you had to pay half the cost if you cancelled your booking.

      有一则惩罚条款规定，若取消预订则必须支付一半费用。

    3. （体育运动中对犯规者的）判罚，处罚

      The referee awarded (= gave) a penalty kick.

      裁判员给了一个罚球机会。

      Hysen handled the ball and conceded the penalty that gave Manchester United the lead.

      海森控球犯规，给了曼联队一次罚球机会，使他们取得了领先。

    4. （某情况或行动带来的）不利，劣势

      Loss of privacy is one of the penalties of success.

      失去个人隐私乃是功成名就的代价之一。

      She has paid a heavy penalty for speaking the truth.

      她因说实话而付出了沉重的代价。

    小知识

    A penalty is a punishment or consequence for doing something wrong, such as having to pay a fee for not bringing your library book back when it was due.

    In hockey, players who break the rules have to sit in “the penalty box.” Just like the penalty box punishes hockey players, all penalties are punishments for doing something wrong. Going to prison is the penalty for serious crimes. Detention is the penalty for misbehaving in school. Often, penalty applies to payments people have to make for breaking a financial contract of some kind.

    实用短语

    1. penalty area

      禁区,罚球区,大禁区,翻译

    2. penalty kick

      点球,罚点球,罚球,点球大战

    3. penalty mark

      罚球点,发球点,点球点,点球罚球点

    4. penalty shoot-out

      点球大战,罚点球决胜负,罚球

    5. administrative penalty

    6. point penalty

      罚分,扣分处罚

    7. penalty stroke

      罚杆,罚一击,罚点球

    8. penalty provision

      罚金条款,处罚

    9. civil penalty

    常用短语

    1. death penalty

      死刑

    2. penalty function

      罚函数；[数]补偿函数

    3. penalty for

      罚金；对…的处罚

    4. administrative penalty

      行政处罚

    5. penalty area

      罚球区，禁区

    6. penalty kick

      罚点球，罚球

    7. penalty spot

      罚球点

    8. pay the penalty

      得报应，受惩罚

    9. penalty factor

      惩罚因子

    10. penalty shootout

      点球大战

    11. penalty cost

      亏损；违约成本

    12. penalty shot

      [篮]罚球；[冰]罚任意球

    13. penalty goal

      罚球得分；罚进的球

    14. penalty box

      （冰球、曲棍球）被罚下场的队员座席

    单词用法

    词语辨析
    punishment,penalty
    这两个名词均含“惩罚、处罚”之意。
    punishment泛称，诸如法律、父母、老师以及神的施予的种种等。
    penalty专指法律上的或体育运动比赛中的处罚。
    重要短语
    death penalty死刑
    penalty function罚函数；[数]补偿函数
    penalty for罚金；对…的处罚
    administrative penalty行政处罚

    词根词缀

    词根: pen

    =penalty,表示”惩罚;痛苦”

    • adj.

      penal 刑事的

      pen惩罚;痛苦+al……的→adj.刑事的

      penitent 后悔的,忏悔的

      peni=pen惩罚;痛苦+t+ent表形容词→受惩罚后而后悔→后悔的

    • n.

      penalty 处罚,刑罚,惩罚,罚金

      penal[adj.刑事的]+ty表名词→n.处罚,刑罚,惩罚,罚金

      penance 自我惩罚

      pen惩罚;痛苦+ance表名词→n.自我惩罚

    • v.

      penalize 置[某人]于不利地位,处罚

      penal[adj.刑事的]+ize表动词→v.置[某人]于不利地位,处罚

      repent 悔悟,悔改

      re反+pen惩罚;痛苦+t→反过来惩罚[自己]→后悔

    同义词辨析

    punishment, penalty

    这两个名词均含”惩罚，处罚”之意。

    • punishment： 泛指各种惩罚，诸如法律、父母、老师以及神的惩罚等。
    • penalty： 一般指法律上的惩罚或体育运动比赛中的处罚。

    同义词

    n.不利,困难

    handicap  /  hindrance  /  difficulty  /  obstacle  /  disadvantage

    n.惩罚;刑罚;批评,报应

    sentence  /  chastening  /  correction  /  condemnation  /  imprisonment  /  discipline  /  payment  /  nemesis  /  castigation  /  penalty  /  punishment  /  chastisement  /  retribution

    n.罚金;损失;苦难

    forfeiture  /  distress  /  damages  /  deprivation  /  loss  /  suffering  /  forfeit  /  fine

    反义词

    n.处罚;罚款;损失

    reward  /  remuneration

    其他释义

    reward

    同根词

    词根：penalty

    n.

    penalization惩罚；处罚

    vt.

    penalize处罚；处刑；使不利

    penalise惩罚，处罚；使…处于严重不利地位