scratch

英[skrætʃ]美[skrætʃ]
  • v. 抓；搔（痒）；划破；划掉
  • n. 抓痕；乱写；抓的声音；起跑线
  • adj. 无让步的

    • 记忆方法

    谐音记忆法
    谐音：撕、刻、拉、扯。
    联想：这些动作明显是两个人干架的时候那些用力抓扯的动作啊，引申为抓、刮。再引申为抓痕、擦伤等名词。
    词源词根法
    可能来自中古英语scratten，抓，挠，最终来自PIE*sker，砍，切，削，刮，词源同scar,scrape.
      verb(动词)
      1. [ I or T ] 抓；搔；擦；划
      2. [ T ] 刻；刮
      3. [ I ] （动物）用爪子抓，搔
      4. [ I or T ] （用指甲）搔，挠
      5. [ I or T ] （使）退出比赛
      6. [ T ] 取消（原计划）
      noun(名词)
      1. [ C ] 抓痕；擦痕；划痕；刮痕
      2. [ S ] （人或动物的）搔，挠
      adjective(形容词)
      1. 临时拼凑起来的队伍／派别／管弦乐队

    双解例句

    verb(动词)
    1. [ I or T ] 抓；搔；擦；划

      We scratched the wall trying to get the bed into Martha's room.

      我们把床搬进玛莎的房间里时，把墙面给划坏了。

      Be careful not to scratch yourself on the roses.

      当心不要被玫瑰刺扎伤。

      A few chickens were scratching about/around (= searching with their beaks) in the yard for grain.

      几只鸡在院子里到处扒寻谷粒吃。

    2. [ T ] 刻；刮

      People have been scratching their names on this rock for years.

      许多年来人们都在这块岩石上刻写名字。

      I scratched some paint off the door as I was getting out of the car.

      我下车时蹭掉了车门上的一些漆。

    3. [ I ] （动物）用爪子抓，搔

      The dog's scratching at the door – he wants to be let in.

      狗用爪子抓门——它想进来。

    4. [ I or T ] （用指甲）搔，挠

      He was scratching (at) his mosquito bites.

      他在抓挠蚊子咬过的地方。

      Hannah scratched her head thoughtfully.

      汉娜一边思索一边挠头。

    5. [ I or T ] （使）退出比赛

      The world champion scratched from the 800 metres after injuring herself the day before.

      这位世界冠军在比赛前一天受了伤，只好退出800米赛跑。

      They scratched the horse from the race because she had become lame.

      由于马瘸了腿，所以他们让它退出了比赛。

    6. [ T ] 取消（原计划）

      We had to scratch our plans when I lost my job.

      我失业了，我们不得不取消计划。

    noun(名词)
    1. [ C ] 抓痕；擦痕；划痕；刮痕

      Her legs were covered in scratches and bruises after her walk through the forest.

      她步行穿过森林，腿上满是擦伤和瘀青。

      There was a scratch on the CD.

      CD上有道划痕。

      Amazingly, he survived the accident without a scratch (= without suffering any injuries at all).

      令人惊奇的是，他在这场事故中幸存了下来，而且毫发未损。

    2. [ S ] （人或动物的）搔，挠

      That dog is having a good scratch. It must have fleas.

      狗在使劲地挠痒，它身上一定有跳蚤。

    adjective(形容词)
    1. 临时拼凑起来的队伍／派别／管弦乐队

    小知识

    I didn’t remember to bring my puppy, Fido, in from the snow until he began to frantically scratch at the door. A scratch is marking or marring a surface with something sharp, such as a nail against metal or fingernails across skin.

    If someone has scratch marks on their skin, you might wonder if they have been in a fight where there was scratching. Scratch can also mean to eliminate something, as in, “You can scratch our idea, the boss is going with the new guy’s plan.” And Scratch, often referred to as Old Scratch, is a longstanding nickname of the Devil.

    实用短语

    1. scratch race

      捕捉赛

    2. start from scratch

      从零开始,从头做起,白手起家,从头开始

    3. scratch card

      刮刮卡,刮奖卡,刮卡

    4. from scratch

      从头开始,从零开始,从头做起

    5. starting from scratch

      白手起家,从零开始,自力更生,自食其力

    6. scratch hardness

      抗刮硬度,刮痕硬度,

    7. cat-scratch disease

      猫抓病,猫抓热,猫抓症,猫抓伤病

    8. scratch sb a note

      写封信给

    9. scratch pad

      即开式奖券,草稿栏,便笺本,暂存式

    常用短语

    1. from scratch

      白手起家；从头做起

    2. start from scratch

      从头开始；白手起家；从起跑线开始

    3. up to scratch

      达到标准

    4. without a scratch

      一点儿也没受伤，安然无恙,source:F

    5. scratch the surface

      只做了肤浅的研究；不深刻，不周详

    6. scratch for oneself

      [美国口语]关心自身利益,source:F

    7. scratch line

      n. 起跑线

    8. on scratch

      准时，正点,source:F

    9. scratch resistance

      抗划伤；耐擦伤性

    10. starting from scratch

      白手起家；从零开始

    11. scratch resistant

      耐划伤性

    12. scratch test

      过敏性测验；划痕试验

    单词用法

    单词用法
    scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”，多指用带光(而非带刃)的东西如手指甲等去抓搔，也可表示在平面上刮线或穿孔。动作的发出者多没有明确的目的，而动作的承受者多受到一定程度的损害。引申可表示“刮伤”“勾掉”“刻画”“艰难地谋生”“退出比赛”等。
    词语辨析
    scratch,grind,scrape
    这组词的意思相近。其区别是：
    scrape指用有锋刃的工具从物体的表面刮（擦〕掉某物；
    grind表示通过磨（擦〕使工具、武器变得锐利或光滑；
    scratch指用利器在物体的表面上划出一道线或沟。
    重要短语
    from scratch 白手起家；从头做起
    start from scratch 从头开始；白手起家；从起跑线开始
    up to scratch 达到标准
    without a scratch 一点儿也没受伤，安然无恙

    同义词

    vt.擦;刮;划出,刻出

    scrape  /  score  /  engrave  /  cut  /  scar  /  mark  /  graze

    其他释义

    scrape  /  scribble  /  mark  /  writing  /  score  /  graze  /  scrawl  /  cut  /  sketch  /  scar  /  engrave

    同根词

    词根：scratch

    adj.

    scratchy潦草的；刺痒的；草率的；发刮擦声的

    n.

    scratcher抓扒者；抓扒工具